Internal-combustion engine.



A. M. BAGH.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9, 1912 1,080,800; Patented Dec. 9, 1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES 4] INVENTOR J. 71'1- 60:44, BY

71 A. a/i

ATTORNEY A. M. BAGH.

' INTERNAL GOMBUSTIGN ENGINE.

I APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 9, 1912. 1,080,800.

Patented Dec. 9, 1913.

2 sHBB'I's-SHEET 2.

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W ITNESSES INVENTOR imam ATTORNEY n4: mums nuns 6a., luo'rmurnm, wAsrIl/wrnn. u a

lilitl anlv it. l nt EN'EERNAL-GOMBUSTXON ENGINE.

Specification of'Letters Patent.

lPatentedDcc, 9, 1213;

Application filed September 9, 1912. Serial No. 719,426.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, ANTON M. BACK, a citizen of the United States, residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Francisco and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Internal-Cornbustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines in which the necessity of employing a lifting cam for lifting a valve to admit the combustible mixture directly into the combustion chamber of the engine is avoided, and the object of the invention is to provide improved means for securing a head upon the cylinder of such an engine.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1- is a vertical section of the engine certain parts being shown in side elevations; Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are horizontal sections on the lines 2-2, 3-3, 44, 5-5, and6-6 respec tively; Fig. 7 is a detail vertical section.

Referring to the drawing, 1 indicates a crank case containing a crank shaft 2', having a crank 3 thereon connected by a rod-4 to a wrist pin 5 of a piston 6. Said piston has a lower head 7 of larger'diamete'r and an upper head 8 of smaller diameter, said heads reciprocating in portions of a cylinder 9 0t correspondingly larger and smaller diameter, the smaller ortion 11 of said cylinder being surrounded by a water jacket 12. The crank shaft 2 carries a gear wheel 14 meshing with a gear Wheel 15 on a cam shaft 16 having a cam 17 thereon; Said cam 17 engages a roller 18' carried by the lower'en'd of a slide rod'19, depressed'by a" coiled spring 20, and sliding in a bearing 21, supported by the crank case, the outer threaded end of said rod being adjustably' screwed to a forked piece 22,- pivotally secured to an end of an arm 23 secured to a trunnion 24, of a cylindrical valve 25', oscillating in a cylindrical casing 26, and formed of two sections 27 28, having teeth 29 and notches 3O interlocking with one'ano'ther to prevent rotary motion of one relative to another. Said cylindrical valve 25 oscilflat'es aroundacylindrical c'asting l, formed at the end adjacent to the trunnion 24" with a boss 32, abutting'againstthe inner surface" of the section 27 of the valve, and at the other end with a threaded socket 33, into which is screwed-a screw 34,-the head- 35- of which abuts against thes'ide 'of the cylindrical casting when said screw is screwed into the socket. If desired, said head, after the screw is thus screwed up, may be retained in place by a set screw or other suitable device. Sa-id cylindrical valve is formed with annular flanges 36, 37, and between the flange 36 and the boss 32 on one side, and the flange 37 and the socket 33 on the other side,

are interposed ball races 38, so that said cylindrical valve can oscillate Without undue friction.

The casting 31 is formed with a tapering diametrical passage 40, of which the larger end is adjacent to a conduit 41 formed in an extension 39 from the cylinder 9, said conduit 41 being adapted to be connected with the source of supply of c'a'rbureted air, and the smaller end is adjacent to a port 42 formed in the Wall of the cylinder 9. It will be understood that said casting 31 is at all times held stationary, while the cylindrical valve oscillates between said casting and the extension 39. Said valve is formed with two ports 43, 44, the larger port 43 being, in the open position of the valve, located between the conduit 41 and the larger end of the passage 40, the smaller port 44 being at the same time located between the smaller end of the passage 40and the port 42 in the cylinder. By the oscillating motion ofsaid valve, produced by the rotation of the cam shaft, said ports in the valve are brought a lternately into and out of registry with the respective ends of the passage. Closet the narrow end of the passage 4,0 said casting. is also formed with an opening 46 connecting the outside of said casting with the interior of the casting around the passage, which forms a chamber 47, occupying the Whole interior of said casting, except that occupied by the carbnreted air passage 40. Said chamber 47, as will be hereinafter explained, is used as a storage chamber for gas which hasbeen compressed but not ignited.

Between the interior of the smaller portion 11 of the cylinder andthe annular water jacket are formed four conduits 4 8 for the passage of combustible gas to the compression chamber of the" cylinder. The upper ends of said conduits open into an annular valve chamber in which can recipro exhaust pipe 57 when the piston is in its lowest position therein.

- An important improvement in my invention resides in a construction. whereby the cylinder head 53 can be quickly removed from the body of the cylinder or replaced thereon. For this purpose the cylinder is formed with a circumferential series of alternate teeth 58 and notches 59, and the cylinder head is formed with a circumferential series of notches 60. 61 indicates a circular cap, which has also formed on its circumference corresponding notches 62 and teeth 63. hen the cylinder head has been placed upon the cylinder, so that the notches 59 and 60 register vertically, said cap is then placed thereon so that its teeth 63 pass .down through the notches in the cylinder and head. The cap and cylinder head are then rotated through a small angle so that said teeth 63 are out of registry with the notches 59, but in registry with the teeth 58. Said head is formed witheight upwardly extending lugs 64 which pass through circular holes 66 formed in the cap. The upper portion of the cap is externally threaded and on to said, threaded portion are screwed in succession two large nuts 67, 68, so that thelower. surface of the lowermost nut presses firmly against the upper surfaces of the lugs, thereby clamping the cylinder head to the cylinder. 69 indicates a sleeve surrounding--- said cap and serving to support the same against out-ward stress.

Into the water jacket 12 of the cylinder extends a'pipe 71, screwed into the cylinder,

the upper portion-of which is bent, and the upper end of which is formed with a flange 72. A pipe 73 is screwed into the cylinder head 53, so that its inner end is in communication with a cooling-water chamber 74 in said head,-and theouter end of said pipe 73 is formed with a flange 7 5, so arranged that, by turning said head-upon the cylinder with the cap, said flanges may be brought into abutment. By bolting the two flanges 72 and 75 together, a connection is then made for the circulation of the cooling water.

In the modification shown in Fig. 7, there are formed in the cylinder and cylinder head respectively, two inwardly tapering holes, into which fit the ends of nipples 78, said ends tapering to fit snugly in the holes, and being enlarged} to form shoulders 79, and

From said comsaid nipples' being threaded outside said shoulders. The outer ends of the nipples are screwed into a union 81. Surrounding said nipples are threaded collars 80, which are screwed into threaded holes in the cap, the sleeve 69 being formed with holes to permit said nipples and collars to 7 pass therethrough. By screwing the collars into the cap, said collars are pressed against said shoulders, thus wedging the inner ends of the nipples into the holes of the cylinder and cylinder head.

The mode of operation of the engine is as follows: The parts being in the position shown in Fig. 1, in which the piston is descending, at that time the cylindrical valve is in such a position that the fuel mixture can pass fromthe source of supply, and also from the storage chamber 47, through the port 42 in the cylinder, as soon as the lower head of thepisto-n passes said port on its downward movement Said downward movement then draws in by suction the fuel mixture from the source of supply. When the piston reaches its lowest point, the valve is moved into such a position that the passage of gases into the lower portion of the cylinder is shut ofl. Upon the upward movement of the piston, since the gas has no escape except by the four conduits 48, it is compressed therein. Said compression continues until the pressure in said conduits exceeds the pressure of the coiled spring, causing the annular valve 49 to be lifted off its seat, whereupon the combustible gas flows'bytheports 56 into the combustion chamber. The piston then rises to its highest point in the cylinder, closing said ports 56, and ignition of the compressed gas immediately takes place. The movement of the cylindrical valve is so of the connection of the rod with the fork, that said valve is moved into a position in which the gases can escape from the lower ends of said conduits 48 by the port 42 into the storage chamber 47 not later than the time of ignition of gas, so that, the pressure in said conduits being instantaneously reduced, the annular valve isseated by the coiled spring, and thus connection is cut off between the combustion chamber and said conduits 47. The piston descends under the pressure of the ignited gases until it reaches its lowest point, whereupon said gases are exhausted. by the exhaust conduits small portion of the reverse. stroke, so that products of combustion. of the charge. 1

It will be seen that my improved engine contains comparatively few arts, and those simply constructed; that t e necessity of timed by the cam, aided by the adjustment,

55, which conduits remain open during a the rush of the incoming.-:gases into the combustion chamber aids 1n expelling the employing cams to lift the valve which admits the combustible mixture to the combustion chamber of the engine is now avoided; and that a complete cycle of operation takes place once in each revolution of the crank shaft.

extending teeth, the teeth of the cap being constructed to permit the passage thereof between the teeth of the cylinder, a nut screwed on said threaded cap, and means extending upwardly from the cap against which said nut abuts when so screwed on said cap.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a shoulder, a head therefor, an outwardly threaded cap for securing said head upon said cylinder, the cap having inwardly extending teeth, and the cylinder having outwardly extending teeth, the teeth of the cap being constructed to permit the passage thereof between the teeth of the cylinder, the head having upwardly extending lugs, and the cap having holes through which said lugs pass, and a nut screwed on said cap and bearing against said lugs.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having-a shoulder, an outwardly threaded head therefor, said cylinder and cylinder head having watercooling chambers, tubes screwed. into said cylinder and cylinder head respectively and communicating with the water-cooling chambers therein and having flanges arranged to abut when said cylinder head is placed upon the cylinder, a cap for securing said head upon said cylinder, the cap having inwardlyv extending teeth, and the cylinder having outwardly extending teeth, the teeth of the cap being constructed to permit the passage thereof between the teethof the cylinder, a nut screwed on said threaded cap, and means extending upwardly from the cap against which said nut abuts when so screwed on said cap.

, In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ANTON M. EACH.

Witnesses F. M. WRIGHT, D. B, RICHARDS.

Qtpies of this patent may-be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Eatents,

Washington, D. G. 

